Ferric Hydrates

7 Natural Gas Hydrates

Natural Gas Hydrates

Sir Humphry Davy witnessed the first chlorine hydrate crystallizing in 1811. Couple of century later his discovery, natural gas hydrates has begun to play an important role in energy business. From being a mere chemical curiosity, they have proven to be a nuisance for the natural gas industry. The problem of hydrate induced blockage in “wet gas” flow systems has been widely reported and became ...

Clathrate hydrates in nature.

Scientific knowledge of natural clathrate hydrates has grown enormously over the past decade, with spectacular new findings of large exposures of complex hydrates on the sea floor, the development of new tools for examining the solid phase in situ, significant progress in modeling natural hydrate systems, and the discovery of exotic hydrates associated with sea floor venting of liquid CO2. Majo...

High-pressure gas hydrates.

It has long been known that crystalline hydrates are formed by many simple gases that do not interact strongly with water, and in most cases the gas molecules or atoms occupy 'cages' formed by a framework of water molecules. The majority of these gas hydrates adopt one of two cubic cage structures and are called clathrate hydrates. Notable exceptions are hydrogen and helium which form 'exotic' ...

Hydrates of tin tetrachloride.

The crystal structures of the tri- and tetrahydrate of tin tetrachloride, viz. diaquatetrachlorotin(IV) monohydrate, [SnCl(4)(H(2)O)(2)].H(2)O, and diaquatetrachlorotin(IV) dihydrate, [SnCl(4)(H(2)O)(2)].2H(2)O, are reported and shown to contain the cis-[SnCl(4)(H(2)O)(2)] species and water molecules in both cases. The trihydrate contains chains of the tin species linked by a single hydrogen-bo...